Okay, this is an ugly area to try and get into because there are way too many factors involved like:
-Wind resistance (how aero you and the bike are as well as current/average wind conditions)
-Weight
-# of stops
-Hills
-Temperature
-Motor/wheel (mid drive vs hub, windings RPMs and what it's optimized for)
-Speed (kinda factored with the other stuff already with wind resistance and motor)
Way to many things to factor, it's best to find someone with similar conditions and good data logged to compare.
What I'll share that may help is:
-It's all about "watt-hour" (Wh) which is voltage X amp-hour (Ah) to determine the real size of a battery.
Going from 24 volt to 48 volt at the same Ah roughly doubles the battery size (if same chem) because you're basically taking 2-24V batteries in series.
Going from 48 volt 10Ah to 48 volt 20Ah also roughly doubles the battery size (if same chem) because you're basically taking 2-48V batteries in parallel.
This means a 48V 20Ah battery is around 4 times bigger/heavier than a 24V 10Ah battery of the same chemistry. This is something to consider given the ability of a bicycle to hold the weight and size, as well as removing it. Some guys are lugging around 40lbs in batteries.
-So to calculate how much battery you need, you have to figure out your Wh consumed per mile, which all of the above things are a factor of.
Per your other thread, you want throttle only @ 20mph for 33 miles, I'd assume you want at least 30Wh/mile which takes you to at least a 1kWh battery. But I"m kinda guessing with a little theory and data.
The closest thing to your needs I can think of is the newest Juiced Rider bike:
http://www.juicedriders.com/
It's 48V 22Ah = (1056Wh) and I believe does 20mph by throttle.
However, the battery is not removable like you wanted. In theory this could pull off 33 miles of <20mph throttle, but I never count on it until proven.
As for weight of the battery, it depends on the chemistry. The one on my S10 is just under 7 lbs and is 612Wh (36V 17Ah)