New Tariffs 2025 !

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FedEx is the carrier, not the shipper. In this case they are also acting as the broker to get the items through Customs.
Customs decides what duties to access.

Grin chose not to cover the cost of duties+taxes (on the custom paperwork they can authorize FedEx to pay US customs and then FedEx would in turn bill back to Grin's shipping account). This means you as the recipient/consignee of record are legally responsible for those duties if you want the package cleared by Customs.

Often, the broker/carrier will pay for the clearance if the duties are low value and then hold delivery until the recipient pays them(along with a brokerage fee for doing this). Larger value shipments might require you to fill out a POA form to authorize them to complete customs paperwork and pay duties on your behalf.

It's a PITA for everyone involved, and can feel arbitrary based on how the customs agent interprets the classification and value of the shipment.

Levied, collected, shipper, carrier, seller, you can use whatever terms you choose. I think the gist of what I said was clear. Thank you for the detailed explanation.

The center of my post was just my experience. I didn't say it was the norm. Just ignore it and read the first and last lines. That's all I wanted to say.

Sure, the way the tariff is levied & collected will vary. Whether or not the seller chooses to add it to the listed price is up to him but the bottom line is, I had to pay the damn thing.

BTW, I did complain to Grin about the fact that they did not mention a possible tariff in their pricing to US buyers. I mistakenly assumed it was included along with the US shipping charges. They now have a disclaimer to that effect on their website.