Good info here, except that the air resistance increases as the square of the velocity as noted in this excerpt from Wikipedia on
Drag:
Drag depends on the properties of the fluid and on the size, shape, and speed of the object. One way to express this is by means of the drag equation:
where
is the
drag force,
is the density of the fluid,
is the speed of the object relative to the fluid,
is the cross sectional area, and
is the drag coefficient – a dimensionless number.
We can't do anything about the density of the air (although it's less at altitude), and the drag coefficient is mostly a factor of the aerodynamics of the bike (unless you want to get one of those "time trial" streamlined helmets, so the main variables are the velocity and cross sectional (or "frontal") area. This is why an upright riding position is at a disadvantage over a forward leaning position. Pedaling my road bikes into a headwind I've seen firsthand how I can pick up a couple mph simply by getting all the way down into the drops with my chin practically on the top of the head tube -- but that's not the best position for being able to see ahead!
That said, this thread is interesting just to see what the extremes are for people trying to maximize range vs maximizing performance, etc. I think someone mentioned commuting to work at top speed in Turbo all the way and not minding running out most of a charge since they just have to recharge for the trip home. I'm more interested in long round trips at conservative speeds with just a little boost for comfort.
As they say: YMMV