Mike leroy
Active Member
An approach to optimize the same electric bicycle for both power and range is explained. You can apply this technique to any bike.
A "battery tank" is the ideal storage compartment. Battery packs of different capacity and NMC chemical ratios optimize the tradeoff between speed and range to match the purpose for a given day.
The best analogy for NMC battery chemistry is gasoline octane ratings. High speed is achieved with 91 octane battery packs with a greater ratio of nickel. Higher manganese proportions increase distance -- 87 octane battery packs. "Fuel units" is a more succinct term to describe battery octane packaged in different battery pack sizes.
"Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a gasoline additive used to replace lead compounds for unleaded gasolines, to improve the octane number in low octane number petrol distillates."
An efficient battery delivers higher performance, greater range and reduces total weight. Lithium-ion NMC is like three scoops of ice cream. The chemical flavors are vanilla(energy), chocolate(power) and strawberry(purpose).
Batteries are similar in shape and size to bullets. Imagine different battery pack sizes are gun ammunition magazines -- "fuel units". A small magazine of 5 Amp-hour bullets are large caliber for power, like a .45. The longer magazine holds many more smaller caliber .22 sized bullets to achieve long distance.
"Since 2000, dollar coins, for example the Sacagawea dollar and the Presidential $1 coins, are made from a brass containing 7% of manganese with a pure copper core.[43] In both cases of nickel and dollar, the use of manganese in the coin was to duplicate the electromagnetic properties of a previous identically sized and valued coin, for vending purposes. In the case of the later U.S. dollar coins, the manganese alloy was an attempt to duplicate properties of the copper/nickel alloy used in the previous Susan B. Anthony dollar."
The following star plot illustrates relative advantages of NMC batteries compared to traditional lithium batteries. Low risk is indicated with a score of 1, on a scale from 1 to 5. The ratio of energy to power can be adjusted for different purposes. Bias is rated 4 to indicate my predisposition towards NMC over other Lithium cells.
I will buy a large 26Amp-hour (i.e., two, 13 pound) MCN battery to maximize range -- 87 octane rating. To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more effective[85] and more efficient than connecting a single large battery.... Some batteries based on carbon anodes offer more than 10.000 cycles.[98]"
The smaller, lighter NMC battery chemistry generates greatest power -- 91 octane rating. A six Amp-hour battery weighs only a few pounds. For short neighbor trips like commuting, or grocery shopping only a small battery is necessary. The short trips climb steep hills with significant weight, so a NCM battery designed for power will be used.
I will buy a second six Amp-hour battery to leave at work for commuting. If possible, I will recharge a battery with a solar backpack.
I deliberately avoid manufacturer locked-in batteries (e.g., Bosch) for flexibility reasons. Some motors are only compatible with a single battery chemistry. Some manufacturers have special connectors that are only available from that company, i.e., brand lock-in.
The following graphic is explained in a BatteryUniversity article. Sanyo is a Panasonic company that manufactures rechargeable batteries.
A friend traded his eBike for a 10kW Honda PCX150 scooter. I want to avoid his mistake. His primary reason was poor uphill performance on 10% to 18% grade hills. Second, ten mile trips on flat land in traffic were too difficult.
My requirements are a minimum top-speed of 35mph on a 10% grade, 90Nm of torque and at least 48V electrical system. Your requirements may vary, but the general optimization technique applies to many personal situations. Substitute your favorite bike, motor and batteries.
The 13 pound frame accepts different sized battery packs, up to a 26 Amp-hour battery pack. Each Amp-hour weighs one pound. The frame can handle up to 6000 Watts. Scale the motor power and battery for your needs. The 3,500W, 26Ah HPC Revolution best matches my purposes. 35+ mph top-speed. I have not yet worked out all the details. Many battery pack sizes and weight combinations are available.
The legal California classification is a "Moped" vehicle, but not a motorcycle. This configuration is my starting point and may be revised as my knowledge grows.
Battery Management System (BMS) is critical. In a battery pack, one rotten battery can spoil the entire barrel of batteries. Brammo is used as example because Polaris owns Brammo. Polaris sells electric bicycles, motorcycles and other vehicles. Two BMS systems are used "Active Cell Balancing" and "Module Balancing Capability". Software to manage the BMS sensirs is "Real Time Analysis and Equalization".
Li-ion battery cells with built-in protection are "19670" not "18650". The official name is "protected 18650".
The 15/90 is an example of electric motorcycle battery that matches my need for low power, longer distance travel.
"2015 study by Andreas Gutsch of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology found that lithium-ion storage battery lifetime could vary by a factor of five, with some Li-ion cells losing 30% of their capacity after 1,000 cycles, and others having better capacity after 5,000 cycles. Specific manufacturers were not named, but in general the performance of cells from Japan and Germany was best, followed by South Korea and the US, with cells from China performing worst.[99] The study also found that safety standards for some batteries were not met. "
For more information, please contact me via a private conversation, rather than appending a post to the end of this thread. I want to exclude all the people who have spammed this post.
Note: I must apologize to my readers for the poor behavior from @Brambor and his gang. I decided to leave his disgraceful trolling here because I want the entire Internet to know him better. Another example can be found in this post. If you prefer to read @Brambor best work, I suggest this work of literary genius post. Discerning readers need only pay attention to creativity, composition style, originality and grammar in the first paragraph to understand the mindset.
A "battery tank" is the ideal storage compartment. Battery packs of different capacity and NMC chemical ratios optimize the tradeoff between speed and range to match the purpose for a given day.
The best analogy for NMC battery chemistry is gasoline octane ratings. High speed is achieved with 91 octane battery packs with a greater ratio of nickel. Higher manganese proportions increase distance -- 87 octane battery packs. "Fuel units" is a more succinct term to describe battery octane packaged in different battery pack sizes.
"Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is a gasoline additive used to replace lead compounds for unleaded gasolines, to improve the octane number in low octane number petrol distillates."
An efficient battery delivers higher performance, greater range and reduces total weight. Lithium-ion NMC is like three scoops of ice cream. The chemical flavors are vanilla(energy), chocolate(power) and strawberry(purpose).
Batteries are similar in shape and size to bullets. Imagine different battery pack sizes are gun ammunition magazines -- "fuel units". A small magazine of 5 Amp-hour bullets are large caliber for power, like a .45. The longer magazine holds many more smaller caliber .22 sized bullets to achieve long distance.
The ratio of Nickel, Mangenese and Cobalt in a NMC battery dramatically alters battery electrical characteristics. Nickel is known for its high energy power. Manganese has low internal resistance that facilitates large storage. Cobalt facilites high capacity. Combining the metals enhances each other strengths: NMC (NCM, CMN, CNM, MNC, MCN)."Since 2000, dollar coins, for example the Sacagawea dollar and the Presidential $1 coins, are made from a brass containing 7% of manganese with a pure copper core.[43] In both cases of nickel and dollar, the use of manganese in the coin was to duplicate the electromagnetic properties of a previous identically sized and valued coin, for vending purposes. In the case of the later U.S. dollar coins, the manganese alloy was an attempt to duplicate properties of the copper/nickel alloy used in the previous Susan B. Anthony dollar."
The following star plot illustrates relative advantages of NMC batteries compared to traditional lithium batteries. Low risk is indicated with a score of 1, on a scale from 1 to 5. The ratio of energy to power can be adjusted for different purposes. Bias is rated 4 to indicate my predisposition towards NMC over other Lithium cells.
I will buy a large 26Amp-hour (i.e., two, 13 pound) MCN battery to maximize range -- 87 octane rating. To power larger devices, such as electric cars, connecting many small batteries in a parallel circuit is more effective[85] and more efficient than connecting a single large battery.... Some batteries based on carbon anodes offer more than 10.000 cycles.[98]"
The smaller, lighter NMC battery chemistry generates greatest power -- 91 octane rating. A six Amp-hour battery weighs only a few pounds. For short neighbor trips like commuting, or grocery shopping only a small battery is necessary. The short trips climb steep hills with significant weight, so a NCM battery designed for power will be used.
I will buy a second six Amp-hour battery to leave at work for commuting. If possible, I will recharge a battery with a solar backpack.
I deliberately avoid manufacturer locked-in batteries (e.g., Bosch) for flexibility reasons. Some motors are only compatible with a single battery chemistry. Some manufacturers have special connectors that are only available from that company, i.e., brand lock-in.
The following graphic is explained in a BatteryUniversity article. Sanyo is a Panasonic company that manufactures rechargeable batteries.
A friend traded his eBike for a 10kW Honda PCX150 scooter. I want to avoid his mistake. His primary reason was poor uphill performance on 10% to 18% grade hills. Second, ten mile trips on flat land in traffic were too difficult.
My requirements are a minimum top-speed of 35mph on a 10% grade, 90Nm of torque and at least 48V electrical system. Your requirements may vary, but the general optimization technique applies to many personal situations. Substitute your favorite bike, motor and batteries.
The 13 pound frame accepts different sized battery packs, up to a 26 Amp-hour battery pack. Each Amp-hour weighs one pound. The frame can handle up to 6000 Watts. Scale the motor power and battery for your needs. The 3,500W, 26Ah HPC Revolution best matches my purposes. 35+ mph top-speed. I have not yet worked out all the details. Many battery pack sizes and weight combinations are available.
The legal California classification is a "Moped" vehicle, but not a motorcycle. This configuration is my starting point and may be revised as my knowledge grows.
Battery Management System (BMS) is critical. In a battery pack, one rotten battery can spoil the entire barrel of batteries. Brammo is used as example because Polaris owns Brammo. Polaris sells electric bicycles, motorcycles and other vehicles. Two BMS systems are used "Active Cell Balancing" and "Module Balancing Capability". Software to manage the BMS sensirs is "Real Time Analysis and Equalization".
Li-ion battery cells with built-in protection are "19670" not "18650". The official name is "protected 18650".
The 15/90 is an example of electric motorcycle battery that matches my need for low power, longer distance travel.
The 44/70 is an example of electric motorcycle battery that matches my need for high power, shorter distance travel."2015 study by Andreas Gutsch of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology found that lithium-ion storage battery lifetime could vary by a factor of five, with some Li-ion cells losing 30% of their capacity after 1,000 cycles, and others having better capacity after 5,000 cycles. Specific manufacturers were not named, but in general the performance of cells from Japan and Germany was best, followed by South Korea and the US, with cells from China performing worst.[99] The study also found that safety standards for some batteries were not met. "
For more information, please contact me via a private conversation, rather than appending a post to the end of this thread. I want to exclude all the people who have spammed this post.
Note: I must apologize to my readers for the poor behavior from @Brambor and his gang. I decided to leave his disgraceful trolling here because I want the entire Internet to know him better. Another example can be found in this post. If you prefer to read @Brambor best work, I suggest this work of literary genius post. Discerning readers need only pay attention to creativity, composition style, originality and grammar in the first paragraph to understand the mindset.
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