Another way of saying it is how far out in front of you it puts the front wheel.
Think where the wheel would be at 90 degrees.
The angle will also affect the ride and handling. Think of this bike with a 90degree headtube. It would be VERY easy to go over the bars(OTB)
since the rider would be positioned more forward over the front wheel.
And with the wheel further out it steers different.
So bikes have different geometry based on the type of terrain they are intended to be ridden in. And of course some bikes try to strike a balance for all types of riding.
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