I think Britain is some 50 years behind Poland in this matter. We have the PESEL, which is a unique person identifier. You use it for bank, driving license, insurance, whatever requires an ID. Your physician visits, vaccination, or even prescriptions are based on the ID.
You can securely log into the government website and find out what the government knows about you.
You can keep the citizen app on your phone and present your ID or a driving license or insurance to the police when needed.
Moreover, we even do not use passports inside the EU. The personal ID card (that includes your personal ID number) does.
Yea, but the Brits always know it better