Part of the benefit of the Magura brakes is the pads are self-adjusting. Once you get fitment right, you never have to touch them again until the pads wear down and need replacement. That includes pulling off a wheel and putting it back on.
The trick then is to get the fitment right. Absent some other problem - like a warped rotor - the way you do that is to adjust caliper placement. The bolt holes on the caliper itself are oval. The best way to get these perfect is to start with what
@AguassissiM describes. However there are nuances on Maguras that it will help to know.
- Lift the bike somehow so the affected wheel is off the ground and can be spun by hand. this is crucial to getting the job done right.
- Loosen the caliper bolts so the caliper is only *barely* mobile when wiggling it gently with your fingertips. It should in fact still feel snug but moveable when you give it some torque from two fingers gripping it side to side.
- Spin the wheel by hand several times, engaging the brakes *gently* several times. This will ensure the caliper has migrated to where it wants to be without undue influence from jerky anomalies like slamming on the brakes with a loose caliper.
- While holding the brake lever to keep the brake engaged (bungie cord), slowly and carefully - use only your fingertips on the wrench - give each caliper bolt about 1/8 of a turn so the caliper is gently tight to the adapter
- spin the wheel. Is it spinning free now? If so again tighten one bolt at a time about 1/8 of a turn, in alternating fashion, about 2 more times.
Tightening a Magura caliper on a Magura adapter, the final tightening after caliper alignment usually suffers from two things. First, overtorqueing the bolts will shift the caliper sideways just enough to screw up your alignment. Next, fully clamping the caliper to the face of the adapter will foul it up vertically, on the plain of the rotor face to the pads. Care in tightening it up will solve this.
Once you get a feel for this with Magura brakes, it will be simple and one-step to get it right. Also once you don't have both fresh pads and rotors together, you'll have wider tolerances to play with. Sometimes to get it *just* right after the above, I loosen the caliper bolts so one is still snug in place, but the other is *barely* movable and I use my eyeballs to look down the rotor and pad gap and visually ensure there is a hair of daylight on both sides.